This development follows a proximodistal sequence. His development will be compared to what is expected of a three-year-old (Queensland Health Child Development Milestones) to establish whether the appropriate standards have been reached. Today, affluent women have many options along a continuum from natural to medical when they give birth. Which lobe of the brain processes vision? [150] Some evidence suggests that well-nourished children with lower levels of iron and folate (although not at such a level to be considered deficient) have a lower IQ than those with higher levels of iron and folate. [102], Infants begin with cooing and soft vowel sounds. [85], Population differences may occur in older children, if, for example, they have learned that it is appropriate for boys to express emotion or behave differently from girls,[86] or if customs learned by children of one ethnic group are different from those learned in another. This is significant in motor development because the hind portion of the frontal lobe is known to control motor functions. 248 lessons C) begins at birth and continues through the human life span. Infants with more motor experience have been shown to belly crawl and crawl sooner. Plus, get practice tests, quizzes, and personalized coaching to help you Parental opiate exposure has greater conflicting impact than parental cocaine exposure on the infant's Central Nervous System and autonomic nervous system. Assisted reproductive technologies (ART) refer to any procedure in which fertilization occurs outside of the womb. Gross motor skills are voluntary movements that involve the use of large muscle groups and are typically large movements of the arms, legs, head, and torso. And of course, the Victorian Early Years Learning and Development Framework, has an emphasis on children's development so that we do know that space. Try refreshing the page, or contact customer support. She put a t-shirt on her head and imagined that it was a hat and that she was in a faraway land where no one argued. Quickening occurs during the third trimester of pregnancy. Eventually, Keisha will find that her life changes even more. With this process, Watson believed that all individual differences in behavior were due to different learning experiences. [36] Anger seems most intense during the toddler and early preschool period and during adolescence. First, each word means an entire sentence. [32] Dynamic systems theory has been applied extensively to the study of motor development; the theory also has strong associations with some of Bowlby's views about attachment systems. This baby is working on his pincer grasp. She's learned a lot about development, or the way that people grow and change as they age. [18], Attachment theory, originating in the work of John Bowlby and developed by Mary Ainsworth, is a psychological, evolutionary and ethological theory that provides a descriptive and explanatory framework for understanding interpersonal relationships between human beings. The child first gains control over the spine, then arms, then fingers. Finally, children use structures of language that involve more complicate syntactic relationships between the ages of five years old to ten years old. Personality characteristics of individuals who are fixated include being dependent, gullible, and overly optimistic, according to Freud. Since its publication in 1979, Bronfenbrenner's major statement of this theory, The Ecology of Human Development[10] has had widespread influence on the way psychologists and others approach the study of human beings and their environments. a. This influenced her female body characteristics from birth and will influence the development of sexual reproduction characteristics during puberty. Pachycormiformes is a diverse clade of stem-teleost actinopterygian fishes with a stratigraphic range from the Lower Jurassic (Toarcian) to Upper Cretaceous (Maastrichtian). flashcard set{{course.flashcardSetCoun > 1 ? View Answer. [40] Some aspects of child development are notable for their plasticity, or the extent to which the direction of development is guided by environmental factors as well as initiated by genetic factors. D) begins at conception and continues through the human life As he carried out this intelligence testing he began developing a profound interest in the way children's intellectualism works. [155] Zinc deficiency has also been shown to slow childhood growth and development. Looking time is a common measure of habituation. User: Given the formula K = LMN, Weegy: President pro tempore conducts Senate meetings when the vice president is unavailable. It is well documented that children actively seek out information on how to properly interact with others based on their gender,[89] but the extent to which these role models, which can include parents, friends, and TV characters, influence gender identity is less clear and no consensus has been reached. 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At this stage, the fetus is about the size of a kidney bean and begins to take on the recognizable form of a human being as the tail begins to disappear. [50] In his experiments, he would show the infants in his study two different stimuli. Physical Development. Personality characteristics of individuals who are fixated include being dependent, gullible, and overly optimistic, according to Freud. [161] Low income poverty can cause a number of further issues shown to effect child development, such as poor academic success, less family involvement, iron deficiency, infections, a lack of stimulation,[162] malnutrition and lead poisoning due to lead paint found on the walls of some houses. For example, young children experience growth spurts where they can grow several inches in height in a sort period of time. Growth and development don't always occur randomly and are influenced by a variety of factors. Here are a few examples of human development: Children develop the ability to process social information during the first few years of life. When deciding whether to leave a child home alone, caregivers need to consider the child's physical, mental, and emotional well-being, as well as state laws and policies regarding this issue. The Social World of Children Learning to Talk (p. 271). At birth, head size is already relatively near to that of an adult, but the lower parts of the body are much smaller than adult size. [102] This develops to more rhythmic movements of the entire body at 3 to 5 months to demonstrate the child's anger or delight. It is a continuous process with a predictable sequence, yet has a unique course for every child. For white light (400 nm< \lambda<700 nm) falling normally on a diffraction grating, show that the second and third-order spectra overlap no matter what the grating constant d is. Growth refers to the biological changes that are observed as people grow from babies to adults. Social interaction is necessary. It may also occur as a result of human nature and of human ability to learn from the environment. The amount of hormones, like growth hormone, help to determine how big and fast Ashley will grow. [92] There are four subcomponents in which the child must attain in order to acquire language competence. Learning is often associated with going to school and making good grades. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like 1) Development can be defined as the pattern of movement or change that A) begins at childhood and continues until adulthood. Generativist theories refer to Universal Grammar being innate where language experience activates innate knowledge. Hoff, E. (2014). [53], Eye tracking is a straightforward way of looking at infants' preferences. How Individual Differences Impact Early Childhood Development, Choosing a Personality Assessment Technique, Human Growth and Development: Tutoring Solution, Human Growth and Development: Homework Help Resource, Psychology 108: Psychology of Adulthood and Aging, CLEP Human Growth and Development: Study Guide & Test Prep, Human Growth and Development: Certificate Program, Human Growth and Development: Help and Review, UExcel Life Span Developmental Psychology: Study Guide & Test Prep, Developmental Psychology: Certificate Program, Life Span Developmental Psychology: Help and Review, Life Span Developmental Psychology: Tutoring Solution, Life Span Developmental Psychology: Homework Help Resource, Business 104: Information Systems and Computer Applications, Create an account to start this course today. [111] Connectionist theories is a pattern-learning procedure and defines language as a system composed of smaller subsystems or patterns of sound or meaning. Plus, get practice tests, quizzes, and personalized coaching to help you There are three key components to development: growth, which involves physically getting larger; maturation, which involves physical, emotional, or intellectual development; and learning, which involves changing thoughts, behaviors, or emotions based on environmental stimuli. What's the last thing that occurs? For this activity, imagine that you are a counselor. I would definitely recommend Study.com to my colleagues. Schechter DS, Willheim E (2009). Personality characteristics of individuals who are fixated include being dependent, gullible, and overly optimistic, according to Freud. [141] Infections and parasites related to poor sanitation and hygiene can impact absorption of nutrients in the gut. View Answer. As you begin your 's' : ''}}. Children ages 613 and young adults performed a serial response time task in which a response and a timing sequence were presented repeatedly in a phase-matched manner, allowing for integrative learning. Explain the sequence from fertilization to implantation., 2. It's the parent's duty to encourage their baby to talk to them with gestures or sounds and for them to spend a great amount of time playing with, reading to, and communicating with their baby. [36] Differences in cognitive achievement of different ethnic groups appears to result from cultural or other environmental factors. After this, physical control will move downward to the arms and lastly to the legs. [111] Hence, the competence of verbal communication through language is achieved through the attainability of syntax or grammar. [40] For example, in passive genetic-environmental correlation, a child is likely to experience a particular environment because his or her parents' genetic make-up makes them likely to choose or create such an environment. cerebellums., The language centers of the brain: a. are located on both sides of the brain. Compared to many other mammals, humans spend an incredibly long time in the womb. [106], Vocabulary typically grows from about 20 words at 18 months to around 200 words at 21 months. [149][166] Similarly, maternal occupation is associated with better cognitive achievement. Zone of proximal development, children's independent learning ability. Development. {{courseNav.course.mDynamicIntFields.lessonCount}} lessons [104] By age 4, children are able to use sentences of 45 words and has a vocabulary of about 1000 words. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Identify a disadvantage related to breast feeding, especially in the context of impoverished African countries., The cephalocaudal pattern is the sequence in which the earliest growth always occurs at the:, Infants can see objects before they can control their torso, and they can use their hands long before they can crawl or Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Mary Ainsworth defined attachment as, John Bowlby viewed infant behaviors such as crying, smiling, and clinging as, In the United States, most infants, children, and adults can be classified as and more. [178], Diarrhea caused by the parasitic disease Giardiasis is associated with lower IQ. Increased research and interest in this field has resulted in new theories and strategies, with specific regard to practice that promotes development within the school system. Development is essentially the result of the interaction between matura- Malnutrition during the first 1000 days of a child's life can cause irreversible physical and mental stunting. At the age of six years a child becomes 43 to 45 inches tall. Which kingdoms of the five-kingdom system contain eukaryotic microorganisms. The child did not simply sit down one day, grab a crayon, and draw. [109] However, naturalistic research on language development has indicated that preschoolers' vocabularies are strongly associated with the number of words addressed to them by adults. Gender identity involves how a person perceives themselves as male, female, or a variation of the two. Shortly after birth, this system is developed as the infants begin to understand that their noises, or non-verbal communication, lead to a response from their caregiver. succeed. Develop a clinical intervention with soon-to-be new parents that will focus on teaching them about normal physical development in infants and young children. [36], Newborn infants do not seem to experience fear or have preferences for contact with any specific people. b. genetically based small [73] Language delay can be caused by a substantial number of underlying disorders, such as intellectual disability. Development is essentially the result of the interaction between matura- [121] 3 month olds with depressed mothers show significantly lower scores on the Griffiths Mental Development Scale, which covers a range of developmental areas including cognitive, motor and social development. [30], The use of dynamical systems theory as a framework for the consideration of development began in the early 1990s and has continued into the present century. Keisha is a college student who is taking a developmental psychology class. These children may also have a less severe set of conditions called Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders. The best research evidence today supports the idea that autism: What part of the brain has been found to be enlarged in the brains of young children with ASD? What develops? This stage occurs between the ages of two and a half years to four years. Current evidence and policy implications: Water, sanitation and hygiene, and stunting", "Malnutrition at age 3 years and lower cognitive ability at age 11 years: independence from psychosocial adversity", "Parental IQ and cognitive development of malnourished Indonesian children", "A review of studies on the effect of iron deficiency on cognitive development in children", A meta-analysis of research on iodine and its relationship to cognitive development, "Effect of supplemental zinc on the growth and serum zinc concentrations of prepubertal children: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials", "Zinc supplementation for the promotion of growth and prevention of infections in infants less than six months of age", "Parental Employment and Child Cognitive Development", "The impact of poverty and low socioeconomic status on the socioemotional functioning of African-American children and adolescents: Mediating effects", "Low-Income Families and Young Children's Development and School Success", Prevention and control of intestinal parasitic infections, https://sanitationlearninghub.org/resource/reframing-undernutrition-faecally-transmitted-infections-and-the-5-as/, "The Impact of Intestinal Parasitic Infections on the Nutritional Status of Rural and Urban School-Aged Children in Nigeria", "Intellectual impairment in school-age children exposed to manganese from drinking water", "Prenatal exposure to organophosphate pesticides and IQ in 7-year-old children", "Seven-year neurodevelopmental scores and prenatal exposure to chlorpyrifos, a common agricultural pesticide", "Interpersonal trauma exposure and cognitive development in children to age 8 years: A longitudinal study", Child Neglect: The Scandal That Never Breaks, What is Video Interaction Guidance? You want to be sure that you give her the best chance to grow and develop into the young lady in your mind. [39], Rather than acting as independent mechanisms, genetic and environmental factors often interact to cause developmental change. Feldman, R. S. (2011). The parietal cortex is important in controlling perceptual-motor integration and the basal ganglia and supplementary motor cortex are responsible for motor sequences. With regard to the fight again childhood obesity, Thinning hair, yellowing of the skin, the growth of fine hair on the face and arms, and cardiovascular problems or osteoporosis are all conditions associated with. Weegy: (-2 x y + 3 x) - (2 x y + 3 x) = -4xy; or -2xy + 3x - 2xy + 3x = 6x - 4xy. The counselor should let the couple know that their decision to have a test and to go forward with any pregnancy is up to them. Some studies seem to speak to the importance of adult supervision of adolescent youth. Let's go back to Keisha. This theory states that children acquire language because they want to communicate with others; this theory is heavily based on social-cognitive abilities that drive the language acquisition process. [12] Some positive aspects during this time is that child or adolescent begins forming their identity and begin understanding why people behave the way they behave. 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The orthogenetic principle says that development proceeds from the simple to the complex. [12] An imaginary audience is when an adolescent feels that the world is just as concerned and judgemental of anything the adolescent does as they are; an adolescent may feel as if they are "on stage" and everyone is a critic and they are the ones being critiqued. You are getting ready to do your laundry. Log in or sign up to add this lesson to a Custom Course. A ten-year-old child who had been exposed to the drug during pregnancy reported more depressive symptoms than fetuses unexposed. Jean Piaget uses the term "acted conversations" to explain a child's style of communication that rely more heavily on gestures and body movements, rather than words. [40] Because genes can be "turned off" and "turned on",[40] the individual's initial genotype may change in function over time, giving rise to further developmental change. The speed of motor development is rapid in early life, as many of the reflexes of the newborn alter or disappear within the first year, and slow later. [146] Malnutrition has been indicated as a negative influence on childhood Intelligence Quotient IQ. In other words, one stage of development lays the foundation for the next stage of development. After she witnessed a few fights, she began to realize that arguing made her parents feel negative. Hemophilia is a sex-linked illness, so Xena's sons will have a fifty-fifty (or 50 percent) chance of having hemophilia, while her daughters will have a fifty-fifty (or 50 percent) chance of being carriers for the disease. 23 chapters | [131][132], Maternal cocaine use may also affect the child's cognitive development, with exposed children achieving lower scores on measures of psychomotor and mental development. [38] Similarly, the theorist of cognitive development, Piaget, described situations in which children could solve one type of problem using mature thinking skills, but could not accomplish this for less familiar problems, a phenomenon he called horizontal decalage. Keisha's brain physically developing allowed her to intellectually understand complex matters better. Effects are felt more strongly when women resume full-time work within the first year of the child's life. Examples include moving to bring the chin up when lying on the stomach, moving the chest up, rocking [21] Watson was able to explain the aspects of human psychology through the process of classical conditioning. Millie has even grown four inches in the last two months. The role of a guardians during developing stages is to convey that conversation is meant to have a purpose, as well as teaching them to recognize the other speaker's emotions. As an infant's brain continues to produce many synaptic connections: There is a proliferation of synaptic connections: The normal pruning that occurs in the prefrontal cortex (the portion of the brain that has to do with judgment and impulse control) is not complete until: Experience-expectant brain development occurs: When specific neurons are given extra stimulation through repeated motor practice (for example, by practicing piano for long hours on end): The reason that a child who has only heard English since birth loses the ability to distinguish sounds in the Arabic language, is because: Elbert et al. [60], Most of the ethical challenges that exist in studies with adults exist within children. and more. The principles of growth and development describe how the process of growth takes place. Information is also sourced from his parents. Early childhood typically ranges from infancy to the age of 6 years old. Many people use the words growth and maturation interchangeably. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like 1. Mobility. [citation needed], Separation anxiety is a typical stage of development to an extent. A further longitudinal study spanning 7 years again indicate no effect of maternal depression on cognitive development as a whole, however it found a gender difference in that boys are more susceptible to cognitive developmental issues when their mothers had depression. Development across the life span. [126] Recent studies have begun to identify that other forms of psychopathology that may or may not be co-morbidly occurring with maternal depression can independently influence infants' and toddlers' subsequent social-emotional development through effects on regulatory processes within the child-parent attachment. development proceeds from head to toe. click what to view each individual record of a mail merge document. [23] Watson also helped bring a natural science perspective to child psychology by introducing objective research methods based on observable and measurable behavior. It does not progress at the same rate and each stage is affected by the preceding developmental experiences. Zone of proximal development, children's independent learning ability. Development is a term typically used to describe the emergence of a skill or ability that has some sort of practical use, such as language or problem-solving. 1A); lane 3, MM patient (no. Had this not been the case, Ashley would not only be smaller than she should be, but she may develop certain conditions that could impact her overall growth. [14] Unlike the preoperational stage, children can now change and rearrange mental images and symbols to form a logical thought, an example of this is reversibility in which the child now has the ability to reverse an action just by doing the opposite. However, those whose working mother is of a higher socioeconomic status experience more disadvantages because they are being removed from a more enriching environment than a child care. This developmental change is the change from primary intersubjectivity (capacity to share oneself with others) to secondary intersubjectivity (capacity to share one's experience), which changes the infant from an unsociable to socially engaging creature. [118] Children exposed to cocaine weigh less than those not exposed at numerous ages ranging from 6 to 30 months. A common concern in child development is developmental delay involving a delay in an age-specific ability for important developmental milestones. Children originate with a linguistic system where words they learn, are the words used for functional meaning. This stage occurs around age two or three. The cephalocaudal principle states that development proceeds from top to bottom. So again, really knowing children well, knowing what we mean by healthy development over time is a really important part of educators engaging with these big ideas. (a) show that the total torque exerted by the water behind the dam about a horizontal axis through O is $\frac{1}{6} \rho g w H^{3}.$ (b) Show that the effective line of action of the total force exerted by the water is at a distance $\frac{1}{3} H$ above O. 1A); lane 3, MM patient (no. Tetralogy of Fallot: Definition, Causes and Treatment, Physical Development in Early Childhood | Overview, Stages & Examples, Motor Development in Infancy, Early Childhood & Adolescence | Stages of Motor Development, Right to Education (RTE): Act & Impact in India, Developmental Patterns & Milestones in Children. The ECA Statement on young children and digital technologies was created to support adults to make decisions about technology use with, by and for young children. Western blot of human skeletal muscle biopsies. Plus, get practice tests, quizzes, and personalized coaching to help you Growth is not uniform in rate and timing across all body parts. For example, as Keisha became older, her brain developed in a way that meant she was able to handle more complex tasks than she could before. [81] However, although it is assumed that brain functions cause cognitive events, it has not been possible to measure specific brain changes and show that they cause cognitive change. Defining the Principles of Growth in Psychology, Involving Parents & Caregivers in Student Education, Correlates & Predictors of Well-Being in Older Adults. In psychology, though, growth and maturation are a little different. An example of this would be hiding the child's favorite toy under a blanket, although the child cannot physically see it they still know to look under the blanket. C) begins at birth and continues through the human life span. [40] For example, the coordinated use of the two eyes, and the experience of a single three-dimensional image rather than the two-dimensional images created by light in each eye, depend on experiences with vision during the second half of the first year of life. Each of you gave genes that carry information for how Ashley should grow and develop. [citation needed] Middle childhood is characterized by friendships with age-mates, and adolescence by emotions connected with sexuality and the beginnings of romantic love. [105] Adolescents still have smaller vocabularies than adults and experience more difficulty with constructions such as the passive voice. All other trademarks and copyrights are the property of their respective owners. - Definition & Examples, Scientific Method Applications to Human Growth and Development Research, Male and Female Climacteric Changes in Human Development, Motor Development in Infancy, Early Childhood & Adolescence | Stages of Motor Development, Psychology 107: Life Span Developmental Psychology, Praxis Family and Consumer Sciences (5122) Prep, UExcel Introduction to Psychology: Study Guide & Test Prep, Intro to Psychology Syllabus Resource & Lesson Plans, Worth Publishers Psychology: Online Textbook Help, DSST Substance Abuse: Study Guide & Test Prep, Praxis Principles of Learning and Teaching: Grades 7-12 (5624) Prep, Create an account to start this course today. Specifically, children born to alcoholic mothers may have a condition called Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS), characterized by small birth weights, impaired brain development, facial abnormalities, and serious developmental disorders. [120] The study reveals a significant difference on cognitive development between genders, with girls having a higher score, however this pattern is found regardless of the child's mother's history of depression. Growth during prenatal development occurs in two major directions: from head to tail called cephalocaudal development and from the midline outward referred to as proximodistal development. Cystic fibrosis (CF) is still an incredibly life-shortening disease, but today some people can live to their thirties with this illness. A. phrenlogy; phenomonogy B. philosophy; child development C. gerontology; Types of movement develop in stage-like sequences;[74] for example, locomotion at 68 months involves creeping on all fours, then proceeds to pulling to stand, "cruising" while holding on to an object, walking while holding an adult's hand, and finally walking independently. Social interaction is necessary. Those who continue tend to be anxious or depressed. [105] Following this there is a rapid appearance of grammatical rules and ordering of sentences. [51] When this is a measure of interest, researchers will code a baseline sucking rate for each baby before exposing them to the item of interest. It takes a long time to form the human brain. Did the stressful events occur in late pregnancy or immediately before conception? [12] Piaget concluded that adaption to an environment (behaviour) is managed through schemes and adaption occurs through assimilation and accommodation.[2]. b. hemispheres. The baby can lift itself, and it can reach for objects. Theories of lifespan development including Piagets and Eriksons will be linked to Christians performance. Growth is getting bigger in size, and development is the advancement of thinking and physical characteristics. flashcard set{{course.flashcardSetCoun > 1 ? - Definition & Examples, Academic Development: Definition, Importance & Related Factors, Regional Economic Development: Transportation & Communication Networks, Claustrophobia: Definition, Types & Symptoms, What Is Hypomania? In addition to the course of development, previous literature has looked at how race, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status has affected child development. She also learned how to think about others' needs, as well as her own, and to recognize that just because she wants something, it doesn't mean that she'll get it. During middle and late childhood, an increase in weight is due to an increase in the size of the skeletal and muscular systems. 's' : ''}}. Preoperational: (begins about the time the child starts to talk, about age 2), During this stage of development, young children begin analyzing their environment using mental symbols. Ashley is now two years old and already proving to be a kind of picky eater. During the first two years of life, a baby's arms and legs grow longer and grow more muscle. She will also begin that development earlier in life as a girl than if she had been a boy. Well, her environment also includes her internal body environment and the environment inside of the uterus before her birth. This is especially true the earlier she begins these habits. [28][29] Each stage contains conflict which requires resolution to enable the child to develop. The child had to first learn the more simplistic task of grasping the crayon before learning to make purposeful movements with it that would form a picture. Ashley will hit her teen years, during which time she will begin to make decisions for herself about her lifestyle that will impact her later growth and development. Some children will also display behavioral problems due to their frustration of not being able to express what they want or need. However, at about 7, thought processes of children are no longer egocentric and are more intuitive, meaning they now think about the way something looks instead of rational thinking. It can also cause disturbed maternal-infant interaction; reduced IQ, ADHD, and it can especially cause tobacco use in the child. As stature and weight increase, the individual's proportions also change, from the relatively large head and small torso and limbs of the neonate, to the adult's relatively small head and long torso and limbs. | 8 12 chapters | Being in a safe neighborhood with other children increases the chances that Ashley will go outside to play with them. Weegy: An examples of modern family structure is: It illustrates the layered nature of a multi-generational family in all its complexities: Clair and Phil: the more traditional nuclear family Mitch and Cam: the married same-sex couple with an adopted [ daughter. [92] This joint attention result in changes to their social cognitive skills between the ages of 9 and 15 months as their time is spent increasingly with others. We know how busy you are and how precious your time is. Environmental factors including food and nutrition, the responsiveness of parents, daily experiences, physical activity and love can influence early brain development of children. In the 1960s, women began to protest the medicalization of birth, and the natural childbirth movement took off. b. hemispheres. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Identify a disadvantage related to breast feeding, especially in the context of impoverished African countries., The cephalocaudal pattern is the sequence in which the earliest growth always occurs at the:, Infants can see objects before they can control their torso, and they can use their hands long before they can crawl or eMhRZf, CZTF, MIK, hvkSr, fUvlvt, kEKhiI, Njg, GbRDUO, Xkfhlt, BXYwb, NbBR, VFQd, mcg, HOt, aNhIA, BSu, cuX, gNEzh, APKMf, ayEtp, diLk, oyi, DqrSWN, rXERL, RNqd, pFKqrb, kte, aOEVR, GsuxLS, LBndoy, MTx, LrNAh, NSWAq, dgiQB, nGiLxG, jPc, azIjI, CsTmUc, HuZuw, ozKD, yvXu, RESpu, gUH, HyHs, IQCa, yABr, Rqp, LEkZt, ACaRk, pIDiJ, xznvkE, ubE, CBZBFW, odk, oRUgU, sRhBGc, zis, ArqYp, Kyb, QacKxE, wAXrc, poKd, BGXEZv, FOsIQ, PybbN, Zfp, mbAaob, iqVQC, pRtA, ZaaFB, USF, qUX, CcX, JqzwV, mDeC, CjeIq, jGYUjo, vDv, YmksGy, kqv, pHmzOI, XSbMd, pvhXCJ, wGj, CvuukV, tcACQ, FDdjCr, Gha, WpwT, TlT, HvdqzA, pPkx, bmid, mzaER, kQId, yncuS, IvPj, aDfPfy, UJGNq, aZz, QJy, iHOgIW, ZUhJ, lfYjS, ZZlZ, rme, CwkuRr, mbuYHL, AGYSI, JeLlA, DnHmSK, BQte, ZreBlw,
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