Thigh MRI Anatomy: T1-weighted coronal view. Calcific tendinitis with erosion into bone. Image 1. 9, Adductor longus muscle. 9, Vastus intermedius muscle. Image 14. Image 2. Image 16. Doing an MRA of the legs may help physicians detect stenosis (narrowing) and blockage of the arteries, also known as peripheral arterial disease. Ochsner J. 4, Right colon. 5, Iliopsoas muscle. 1996-2021 MedicineNet, Inc. All rights reserved. Examining the hip may uncover pain with tenderness over the joint line or the greater trochanter. 3, Liver. 1, Rectus abdominis m. 2, femoral vein 3, femoral artery 4, pectineus muscle 5, obturator internus m.6, bladder 7, vagina 8, anal canal 9, head of the femur 10, ischiorectal fossa 11, gluteus maximus m. MRI of the female pelvis: T1-weighted, axial view. . What is a gluteal injury? Thigh MRI Anatomy: T1-weighted coronal view. The acetabulum (plural: acetabula) is the large cup-shaped cavity on the anterolateral aspect of the pelvis that articulates with the femoral head to form the hip joint.. 1, Vastus lateralis muscle. The discussion should include any possible allergies that the patient may have. 8, Greater trochanter. such as the gluteus maximus. 3, Left kidney. Medicine. Coronal reconstruction.1, Heart. 3, Sartorius muscle. 4, Sartorius muscle. The sagittal suture is the line where the right and left parietal bone are in contact. Is it possible to prevent a gluteal injury? Variant anatomy 12, Heart. 5, Obturator externus muscle. The dye helps produce better image quality by highlighting internal structures, making them more visible on the scan, because movement causes blurred images. Atlas of CT Anatomy of the Abdomen. Cortical erosion is the most common manifestation of osseous involvement (78% of cases), but bone marrow involvement has been demonstrated in 18 of 50 cases (36%) ; (61%) involving the greater or lesser tuberosities of the humeral head. There is no difference between physiotherapy and physical therapy. Unlike sonography or computed tomography (CT), MRI offers distinct advantages in staging cervical and endometrial carcinoma. Coronal reconstruction.1, Right lung. MRI of Upper Leg (Femur). 7, Pectineus muscle. 11, Internal oblique muscle. The peak incidence of calcific tendinitis occurs in the fourth to sixth decades of life. Should the gluteal injury be due to a direct blow or fall, resulting in a contusion, treatment aims to decrease the inflammation in the area. 12, Heart. 1, Vastus lateralis muscle 2, Rectus femoris muscle. The radiologic technologist may direct the patient to hold their breath for a short time for better image quality. 5, Adductor longus muscle. 8, Vastus intermedius muscle. For the purposes of numbering the vertebral segments, and stipulated by the Terminologia Anatomica (TA), "Co" is used as the abbreviation for each coccygeal level, e.g. Image 18. 7, Obturator externus muscle. 9, Liver. 6, Left colon. 6, Adductor brevis muscle. 4, Bladder. Muscles of the hips and thighs. Hayes et al. These images are basic pulse sequences in MRI that provide the best depiction of a disease(5). The visceral peritoneum lines the surfaces of various organs to form their serous membrane (serosa). ELSEVIER. Image 37. 8, Small bowel. Sagittal reconstruction.1, Heart. 2, Spleen. Thigh Magnetic Resonance Imaging The thigh has some of the bodys largest muscles. Image 36. Synovial chondromatosis, extraskeletal osteochondroma, gluteus maximus bursa, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) Date received: 19 June 2015; accepted: 22 October 2015 Introduction Synovial chondromatosis is a well-recognized benign osteochondral neoplasm that usually appears as multiple ossied or cartilaginous nodules in the syn-ovial joints. Calcaneonavicular coalition is one of the two most common subtypes of the tarsal coalition, the other being talocalcaneal coalition.. As with any coalition it may be osseous (synostosis), cartilaginous (synchondrosis) or fibrous (syndesmosis). If you would like to change your settings or withdraw consent at any time, the link to do so is in our privacy policy accessible from our home page. 10, Gluteus maximus muscle. 9, Left colon. 9, Small intestine. The PTFL is an intracapsular but extra-synovial ligament that arises from the posterior aspect of the distal fibula and courses posteromedially to insert into the lateral tubercle on the posterior aspect of the talus.. Relations. The largest muscle of the body is located in the hip and buttocks and is called gluteus maximus. 2, Semitendinosus muscle. 5, Adductor longus muscle. Local and radiating pain along the sciatic nerve was prominent in this case, which was unusual in gluteus maximus tendinitis. 3, Sartorius muscle. Individuals with iodine allergy may experience nausea or vomiting, itching, sneezing, or hives if they receive this type of contrast dye. Since the actual deposition may occur in the tendon, bursa, or joint capsule, the term periarthritis, rather than peritendinitis is preferred. 5, Iliopsoas muscle. Radiologists perform ankle imaging to assess injuries of the foot and ankle anatomy. 2, Portal vein. 3, Liver. A patient undergoing thigh MRI may follow their routine and take medication as usual unless their physician advises otherwise. However, this imaging tool cannot diagnose the tumor type, The primary MRI techniques related to the female pelvis include, The evaluation of anatomic variants or reproductive dysfunction, Problem-solving (the characterization of abnormalities detected by ultrasound), Like the abdomen, the pelvis is divided into two main compartments: the peritoneal cavity and subperitoneal space, The peritoneal cavity is situated between the thin layers of the visceral and parietal peritoneum (analogs to the pleura). 8, Greater trochanter. Some patients may have an elevated level of serum phosphorus. MedTerms medical dictionary is the medical terminology for MedicineNet.com. 4, Caecum. 10, Adductor longus muscle. Ice, elevation, and rest may be helpful. [1], The nerve was always seen close to and medial to the sciatic nerve when it left the sacral plexus inferior to the piriformis. AP axial and lateral views are used to visualize fractures. Terms of Use. 7, Pectineus muscle. The pelvic girdle can be considered as the lower limb analogue to the pectoral girdle. 6, Sigmoid colon. 9, Iliac muscle. Calcific tendinitis with bone erosion is most commonly observed in the femur (40%) and the humeral head (40%). HADD is characterized by the presence of basic calcium phosphate crystalspredominantly hydroxyapatite in the periarticular soft tissue, especially the tendons ( Figure 39-2 ). Atlas of CT Anatomy of the Abdomen. Contrast dyes for MRIs may contain the chemical gadolinium. A patient must drink extra fluids after the procedure to help flush the iodine out of their body, Rarely, the contrast dye may cause a life-threatening allergic reaction in patients. Patient Care. 3, Hepatic vein. 11, Semitendinosus muscle. 6, Left colic flexure (splenic flexure of the colon). The inferior gluteal nerve is the main motor neuron that innervates the gluteus maximus muscle. 7, Spleen. Thigh MRI Anatomy: T1-weighted coronal view. 5, Iliac wing. 3, Stomach. Magnetic resonance imaging Introduction Calcic tendinitis of the gluteus medius has been sporadically reported.6,10 Clinical symptoms of calcic tendinitis usually diminish spontaneously. 5, Superior mesenteric vein. 10, Gluteus maximus muscle. It is responsible for attaching the lower limb to the axial skeleton.The pelvis itself is a paired composite structure made up by three bones (ilium, ischium and pubis) that articulates with the sacral part of the axial spine.The named ligaments of the pelvis mostly arise from the Meanwhile, the signal intensity is commonly hyperintense on T2-weighted images(16). 9, Vastus intermedius muscle. This webpage presents the anatomical structures found on elbow MRI. In addition, the tendons of the gluteus maximus, rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, quadriceps, pectoralis major, deltoid, and adductor magnus, as well as tendons of the wrist, hand, neck, and ankle may be affected. 5, Bladder. The gluteus maximus is one of three muscles of the glutes (the buttocks muscles), and one of the largest and strongest muscles in the whole body. J Clin Rheumatol Pract Rep Rheum Musculoskelet Dis 12(6):298300 313 128. Thigh MRI Anatomy: T1-weighted axial view. [4], The inferior gluteal nerve leaves the pelvis through the greater sciatic foramen and runs underneath the piriformis muscle. 6, Greater trochanter. Image 16. 6, Adductor brevis muscle. 8, Gluteus medius muscle. Image 5. 8, Colon. 5, Adductor longus muscle. 4, Ischium. Exposure to strong magnetic fields during an MRI does not have any harmful effects on patients. 5, Anal canal. MedTerms online medical dictionary provides quick access to hard-to-spell and often misspelled medical definitions through an extensive alphabetical listing. 1, Vastus lateralis muscle 2, Vastus intermedius muscle. MedicineNet does not provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. 9, Gracilis muscle. When damaged, one Atlas of CT Anatomy of the Abdomen. 6, Obturator externus muscle. European Radiology. Subscapularis calcific tendinitis may be more difficult to see on routine radiographs of the shoulder because the calcification can be obscured by overlying bone ( Figure 39-5 ). The thigh is composed of several muscles, The rectus femoris is located in the center, , while the vastus medialis is in the middle of the, Meanwhile, the vastus lateralis is on the side of the thigh, while the vastus intermedius is hidden below the rectus femoris, The four muscles all extend the lower leg. The peritoneal cavity is situated between the thin layers of the visceral and parietal peritoneum (analogs to the pleura). Symptoms include stiffness and pain around the hip joint. Print. Thigh MRI Anatomy: T1-weighted coronal view. Image 2. The discussion should include any possible allergies that the patient may have. 9, Adductor magnus muscle. Radiology is not routinely necessary, but one must make sure the patient is on a radiolucent bed if it is needed intraoperatively. AJR 2013; 201:1083 3Clin Rheumatol 2008; 14:82 4Skeletal Radiol 2008; 37:903 Greater Trochanter 8, Small bowel. 9, Semitendinosus muscle. Thigh muscles are responsible for allowing normal gait and proper lower extremity function, The medial thigh muscles are responsible for the adduction (movement of a body part toward the bodys midline) of the leg. 5, Adductor longus muscle. 11, Liver. Thigh MRI Anatomy: T1-weighted axial view. An MRI coil is a padded device that produces high-quality medical images of certain body parts(10). Image 6. The gluteus maximus is one of three gluteal muscles that make up the buttocks. Thigh MRI Anatomy: T1-weighted coronal view. 1, Vastus lateralis muscle 2, Femur. The posterior approaches allow excellent visualization of the femoral shaft, thus are popular for revision joint replacement surgery in cases in which the femoral component needs to be replaced. 6, Liver. 6, Obturator externus muscle. 7, Gracilis muscle. It is responsible for attaching the lower limb to the axial skeleton.The pelvis itself is a paired composite structure made up by three bones (ilium, ischium and pubis) that articulates with the sacral part of the axial spine.The named ligaments of the pelvis mostly arise from the Soft tissue ossification may occur in neurologic diseases, physical and thermal trauma, venous insufficiency, neoplasms such as soft tissue osteosarcoma, myositis ossificans (MO) progressiva, melorrheostosis, and in surgical scars. 2, Liver. 7, Gracilis muscle. 1, Vastus lateralis muscle. Churchill Livingstone. MRI is a valuable technique in diagnosing or staging anomalies or conditions in the female pelvic region. 4, Bladder. Atlas of CT Anatomy of the Abdomen. 7, Obturator internus muscle. 4, Colic tumor. 2. 5, Psoas muscle. It is one of the best exercises for gaining strength and mass of If the hip bursa is not infected, hip bursitis can be treated with ice compresses, rest, and anti-inflammatory and pain medications. Image 18. The technician places an MRI coil over the patients thighs. Soft tissue calcifications appear as irregular punctuate, circular, linear, or plaque-like radio-dense areas that do not possess a trabecular or cortical structure. 8, Gluteus medius muscle. Thigh MRI Anatomy: T1-weighted axial view. 6, Gluteus medius muscle. 1, Biceps femoris muscle. Thigh MRI Anatomy: T1-weighted axial view. Skalak, A. F., et al. 6, Left adrenal. 9, Gluteus minimus muscle. Like the abdomen, the pelvis is divided into two main compartments: the peritoneal cavity and subperitoneal space(8). 5, Gracilis muscle. 9, Colon. The ACL measures 31-38 mm in length and 10-12 mm in Thigh MRI Anatomy: T1-weighted coronal view. 1, Rectus abdominis m. 2, bladder 3, obturator internus m. 4, acetabular fossa 5, rectum 6, vagina, MRI of the female pelvis: T1-weighted, axial view. 9, Adductor magnus muscle. Retrieved from, https://www.northoaks.org/medical-services/diagnostics-imaging/mri/upper-leg/, My Health Alberta. Was there an injury or fall? 3, Rectus femoris muscle. Macroscopically, HADD appears as calcified amorphous material with a milky or cheesy consistency in the paraarticular fibrous connective tissue. 1, Vastus lateralis muscle 2, Vastus intermedius muscle. Calcific tendinitis of the longus colli muscle can produce odynophagia, dysphagia, and fever in older patients. Abdominal Quadriceps Triceps Latissimus dorsi Gluteus maximus Hamstrings Gastrocnemius Soleus. 5, Abdominal aorta. The coccyx arises from a caudal eminence present from weeks 4-8 of gestation. 8, Iliopsoas muscle. 5, Left superficial femoral artery. Inflammation of the hip, piriformis, iliotibial band, and the gluteus muscles are common running injuries. After a CT scan, the kidneys work overtime to help remove the dye from the body. 1, Vastus lateralis muscle. Milwaukee shoulder is a destructive arthropathy of the shoulder associated with chronic tears of the rotator cuff and joint effusions containing hydroxyapatite. If the MRI requires a contrast dye, the technologist may administer the dye through an intravenous administration. 7, Left kidney. 1, Vastus lateralis muscle 2, Rectus femoris muscle. 2, Tensor fasciae latae m. 3, Rectus femoris muscle. 2, Tensor fasciae latae m. 3, Vastus medialis & intermedius muscles. 9, Semitendinosus muscle. [5], This may cause selective denervation of the gluteus maximus since the inferior gluteal nerve courses along the deep surface of the muscle and is not easily visualized and differentiated from other structures running with it, such as blood vessels.[3]. 3, Right adrenal. [9], The incidence of damage to the inferior gluteal nerve after replacement of the hip is still uncertain. The calcification is best seen on a carpal tunnel view, semi-supinated oblique view of the wrist, or can be readily identified on axial noncontrast CT scans ( Figure 39-7 ). It is also recommended to inform the doctor if the patient is pregnant. Image 3. Treatments include applying an ice pack and pressure to the area by hand. Ling, Z. X., and V. P. Kumar. This photo gallery presents the anatomy of the abdomen by means of CT (axial, coronal, and sagittal reconstructions). 8, Bladder. ADVERTISEMENT: Supporters see fewer/no ads, Please Note: You can also scroll through stacks with your mouse wheel or the keyboard arrow keys. 2, Vastus medialis & intermedius muscles. 5, Gracilis muscle. 10, Right kidney. Image 22. Segments do not unite until after age twenty-five or thirty. Thigh MRI Anatomy: T1-weighted axial view. Weekend warriors and professionals alike all experience sports injuries. 2, Vastus medialis & intermedius muscles. 11, Semitendinosus muscle. 11, Gluteus maximus muscle. 8, Iliopsoas muscle. Other important information to discuss with the doctor before the procedure includes the patients medical history and adverse reactions to prior medical imaging procedures. 3, Abdominal aorta. Lung Ultrasound Training Phantom ECHOLUNG Gluteus Maximus Injection Simulator M74; Arterial Puncture Training Wrist M99; Oral Care Simulator Advanced MW29; Oral Care Simulator M89; [6] It contracts at heel-strike, slowing forward motion of trunk by arresting flexion of the hip and initiating extension. 4, Sartorius muscle. 1, Biceps femoris muscle. Coronal reconstruction.1, Spleen. Abdominal computed tomography (CT) is a type of medical imaging procedure used to diagnose and monitor internal stomach issues, like cancer, bowel obstruction, and abdominal pain. There is a relationship between the common stalk of the inferior gluteal nerve and external anatomic landmarks. Image 1. 9, Gluteus maximus muscle. The inferior gluteal nerve is the main motor neuron that innervates the gluteus maximus muscle. diagnose broken bones, tumors or lesions in areas of the body, blood clots in It is the largest muscle at the hip, representing 16% of the total cross-sectional area. Patients must inform their doctors of their allergies so they may avoid taking the contrast dye if they are allergic to gadolinium(14). Image 4. The iliacus muscle emerges from the iliac fossa and provides flexion in the thigh. Individuals with iodine allergy may experience nausea or vomiting, itching, sneezing, or hives if they receive this type of contrast dye(7). Image 40 of 40. Gluteal muscle and tendon strains occur because of overuse injuries, usually of the hip joint. 8, Gracilis muscle. Thigh MRI Anatomy: T1-weighted coronal view. 13, Right lung. However, MRI is a superior modality in mapping individual myomas, especially with larger uteri and the presence of a large number of myomas(12). 1, Vastus lateralis muscle. Coccyx. 1996-2022 MedicineNet, Inc. All rights reserved. It is important to have good footwear, be aware of surroundings, especially when the weather is rainy, snowy, or icy. Atlas of CT Anatomy of the Abdomen. Image 38. Calcific deposits due to HADD may enlarge, decrease, disperse, or completely resolve with time. 5 Trochanteric Pain Syndrome: Most commonly caused by gluteus minimus and medius tendon abnormalities1 Trochanteric bursitis: uncommon 20% of symptomatic patients 2 Not actually inflamed3 Not associated with pain 4 1Eur Rad 2007; 17:1772 2Long SS et al. B. Roger, A. Guermazi, and A. Skaf. 9, Stomach. 9, Semitendinosus muscle. 8, Superior mesenteric vein. This photo gallery presents the anatomy of the abdomen by means of CT (axial, coronal, and sagittal reconstructions). Overuse injuries may take longer to heal, but the goal is to return patients to their normal level of function. Describe the difference between voluntary and involuntary muscles. Imaging strategy for early ovarian cancer: characterization of adnexal masses with conventional and advanced imaging techniques. 2, Tensor fasciae latae m. 3, Rectus femoris muscle. Injury to this nerve is rare but often occurs as a complication of posterior approach to the hip during hip replacement. Apaydin, N., et al. 3, Femoral vessels. 7. 8, Obturator internus muscle. 7, Gracilis muscle. 6, Adductor brevis muscle. In patients who are anticoagulated or on blood thinners, a large amount of bleeding can occur within and around the muscle, causing significant pain and swelling. Thigh MRI Anatomy: T1-weighted coronal view. MRI of the female pelvis: T1-weighted, axial view. "Mr Imaging of Entrapment Neuropathies of the Lower Extremity Part 1. 7, Gracilis muscle. 7, Colon. 10, Heart. Our doctors define difficult medical language in easy-to-understand explanations of over 19,000 medical terms. Medication to alleviate pain, physical therapy, and bed rest are treatments for sciatica. Patients must inform their doctors of their allergies so they may, the contrast dye if they are allergic to gadolinium, It is also recommended to inform the doctor if the patient is pregnant. The subperitoneal space encloses all of the abdominal and pelvic organs, ligaments, vessels, nerves, and lymphatics. This movement prevents trunk from falling forward. The gluteus maximus, medius, and minimusthe primary muscles of the buttocksalso emerge from the ilium. Gross anatomy. 8, Iliopsoas muscle. Axial reconstruction.1, Gallbladder. 6, Obturator internus muscle. Calcium phosphate and calcium carbonate are deposited about normal fat cells. Patients must inform their radiologist if they have any allergies to contrast dyes. Image 8. In the shoulder, the most common tendon involved is the supraspinatus, and a site 1.5 cm proximal to its insertion on the greater tuberosity is the most common area of that tendon to be affected. Image 34. 3, Femoral neck. A non-contrast MRI procedure should take 25 minutes. 3. 9, Adductor magnus muscle. Image 7. 5, Gluteus maximus muscle. Thigh MRI Anatomy: T1-weighted coronal view. Atlas of CT Anatomy of the Abdomen. 5, Adductor longus muscle. 153 (2): 157-61. In athletes, gluteal tendinopathies may mimic hip bursitis. 9, Transversus abdominis muscle. 6, Rectum. Depending on the reason for the MRI test, the patient may be allowed to go home after the procedure. Print. Female pelvis: Impact of MR imaging on treatment decisions and net cost analysis. Atlas of CT Anatomy of the Abdomen. Subclinical electromyographic abnormalities of both the superior and inferior gluteal nerves have been described in up to 77% of patients after total hip replacement, regardless of the surgical approach. Image 13. 1, Vastus lateralis muscle. [1] These tumors are based on their location within the uterine corpus as either submucosal, intramural, or subserosal, Although most women are asymptomatic, the most common leiomyoma symptom is bleeding. Soft tissue calcification of the fingertips is characteristic of collagen vascular disorders, especially the scleroderma variant known as CREST (calcinosis, Raynauds, esophageal dysmotility, sclerodactyly, and telangiectasias). Few studies have focused on damage to the inferior gluteal nerve during hip replacement. 5, Adductor group. 4, Right kidney. 82-2-2030-5544, Fax. The peritoneum separates the two spaces, with each compartment as a continuous space. Although most frequent in the shoulder, calcific tendinitis may affect many different tendons, including the gluteus maximus insertion and the longus colli in the neck. 6, Superior mesenteric artery. 3, Left kidney. energy to make images of parts of the body, particularly, the organs and soft 8, Gracilis muscle. Several X-ray or CT scans may increase a patients risk of cancer. It is intermittently active in the walking cycle and in climbing stairs and continuously active in strong lateral rotation and abduction of the thigh and also stabilizes the femur on the tibia when the knee extensors are relaxed. Sagittal reconstruction.1, Aorta. Image 31. 9, Semitendinosus muscle. 6, Adductor brevis muscle. 6, Adductor brevis muscle. 9, Colon. 6, Small bowel. Axial reconstruction.1, Rectus abdominis muscle. Surg Radiol Anat. 2, Liver. 9, Liver. 3, Gallbladder. Sagittal reconstruction.1, Left lung. Well-defined dense calcifications are usually chronic and may be incidental findings, whereas poorly defined, less dense calcifications correlate with acute symptoms. Manage SettingsContinue with Recommended Cookies, 2005 - 2021 w-radiology.com Sitemap | Terms of Use | Contact Us, Partner Message: Find out more about the benefits of CBD via CBD Clinicals. 1, Vastus lateralis muscle. The thigh is composed of several muscles, including the quadriceps or quads (a group of four muscles)(4): The rectus femoris is located in the center of the thigh, while the vastus medialis is in the middle of the said body part. Thigh MRI Anatomy: T1-weighted coronal view. "The Course of the Inferior Gluteal Nerve in the Posterior Approach to the Hip." 1, Rectus abdominis m. 2, external iliac vein 3, external iliac artery 4, obturator internus m. 5, head of the femur 6, endocervical canal 7, rectum 8, ischiorectal fossa 9, gluteus maximus 10, uterus, MRI of the female pelvis: T1-weighted, axial view. 2, Quadratus femoris muscle. Atlas of CT Anatomy of the Abdomen. This webpage presents the anatomical structures found on wrist MRI. To view the purposes they believe they have legitimate interest for, or to object to this data processing use the vendor list link below. 6, Adductor brevis muscle. 4, Left renal vein. Atlas of CT Anatomy of the Abdomen. Radiopaedia.org, the wiki-based collaborative Radiology resource (2008) ISBN:0443066841. There are different types of fractures, such as: A bruise, or contusion, is caused when blood vessels are damaged or broken as the result of a blow to the skin. 4, Sartorius muscle. Radiology: Congenital gluteus maximus contracture syndrome - a case report with review of imaging find ings Kotha et al. The results of the abdominal CT scan should be ready after 48 hours, The risks associated with abdominal CT scans include radiation exposure, allergic reaction to the contrast dye, and kidney dysfunction caused by the dye, CT scans expose individuals to more radiation than regular x-rays. Hemorrhagic cysts should remain of relatively high signal on T1-weighted images with fat suppression to help doctors differentiate them from dermoid cysts. 7, Colon. In addition, posterior femoral cortical erosion adjacent to the calcification has been noted in some cases ( Figure 39-9 ). Atlas of CT Anatomy of the Abdomen. The patient lies down on a narrow slate that slides inside the CT scanner. Image 15. "Surgical Anatomy of the Retroperitoneal Spaces, Part Iv: Retroperitoneal Nerves." Axial reconstruction.1, Inferior vena cava. It branches out and then enters the deep surface of the gluteus maximus, the principal extensor of the thigh, and supplies it. 3, Gemellus superior muscle. Image 2. Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy 30.1 (2008): 41-45. 3, Femoral vessels. Atlas of CT Anatomy of the Abdomen. 9, Adductor magnus muscle. Describe the process that causes a muscle to contract. The major differential diagnosis includes dermatomyositis and hyperparathyroidism. Innervation: Superior gluteal nerve (L4, L5, S1) Arterial Supply: Superior gluteal artery. Physical examination will focus on the low back, buttock, and hips. In some instances, the MRI technician provides the patient with a squeeze ball. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-69000-9_1229. Thigh MRI Anatomy: T1-weighted coronal view. The nerve may also send a branch to the posterior femoral cutaneous nerve. Image 8. MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) is a procedure that uses strong magnetic fields and radiofrequency However, the powerful magnet may interact with metal implants or other medical accessories inside the patients body(13). The term tumoral calcinosis has been used liberally to describe any massive collection of periarticular calcification, although the term actually refers to a hereditary condition associated with massive periarticular calcification ( Figure 39-11 ). Large amorphous masses containing fluid-calcium levels are identified, especially on cross-sectional imaging. See additional information. What are the types of gluteal injuries? Image 26. Thigh MRI Anatomy: T1-weighted coronal view. Pelvic girdle. [8], Although nerves may be injured anywhere along their course, they are more prone to compression, entrapment, or stretching as they traverse anatomically vulnerable regions, such as superficial or geographically constrained spaces. 4, Sartorius muscle. The ACL tibial footprint substantially overlaps the anterior root lateral meniscus footprint 6.. 7, Colon. 4, Rectus femoris muscle. It is recommended to discuss this risk with a medical professional before a patient undergoes the procedure. 1, Vastus lateralis muscle. Discrete conglomerates of calcium are arranged in longitudinal bands. An MRA may also help surgeons prepare for surgery on the arteries of the legs(9). This photo gallery presents the anatomy of the abdomen by means of CT (axial, coronal, and sagittal reconstructions). Atlas of CT Anatomy of the Abdomen. Study The Hip And Pelvis flashcards from Jenna Mowatt's class online, or in Brainscape's iPhone or Android app. [Google Scholar] Image 22. Calcific tendinitis. Informing the doctors about medical accessories helps avoid complications, as the MRI machine contains a powerful magnet. 8, Greater trochanter. 3, Left kidney. 3, Ischiorectal fossa. 10, Semitendinosus muscle. 5, Femoral neck. 1, Tensor fasciae latae m. 2, Rectus femoris muscle. 4, Sartorius muscle. 82-2-2030-5549, Email: kimnr001@gmail.com. 3, Anal canal. Image 6. Autoimmune disorders such as the CREST syndrome or dermatomyositis can also cause soft tissue calcifications. The glutes are the strongest and biggest muscle in the buttock area and comprise three separate muscles: the gluteus maximus, How Does a Tracheoesophageal Puncture Work? What is the prognosis and recovery time for a gluteal injury? Calcific tendinitis of the supraspinatus tendon is best visualized on external rotation views of the affected shoulder. MRA of the Legs: About This Test. for a short time for better image quality. Thigh MRI Anatomy: T1-weighted coronal view. Muscle Injuries in Sport Athletes. Atlas of CT Anatomy of the Abdomen. 9, Transversus abdominis muscle. Trauma, either by a fall or a direct blow to the buttock area, causes most gluteal injuries. 4, Sartorius muscle. 1, Vastus lateralis muscle. Have the patient lie on their back with their arms raised above their head. The thigh has some of the bodys largest muscles. DSc SSP. 8, Bladder. We and our partners use cookies to Store and/or access information on a device.We and our partners use data for Personalised ads and content, ad and content measurement, audience insights and product development.An example of data being processed may be a unique identifier stored in a cookie. [6][7], Surprisingly, however, the gluteus maximus is not important posturally, is relaxed when one is standing, and is little used in walking. Switzerland: Springer International Publishing AG, 2017: 335-351. diseases of the male reproductive organs. 4, Greater trochanter. Warming up and stretching before activities may help decrease injury risk. 7, Gracilis muscle. 7, Obturator externus muscle. It may be asymptomatic or may result in severe pain, erythema, swelling, painful range of motion, and fever. Symptoms and signs include pain and swelling. 7, Small bowel. Sagittal reconstruction.1, Left lung. Calcification that occurs here can be difficult to detect. Image 9. 9, Inferior vena cava. The calcium will overlie the upper femoral shaft on an anteroposterior radiograph, and therefore may be best seen on a frog lateral radiograph or even more easily on axial CT images ( Figure 39-8 ). 1, Vastus lateralis muscle 2, Adductor group. 6, Acetabulum. 5, Spinous process. Bontrager KL. The sagittal suture is the line where the right and left parietal bone are in contact. Image 14. 4, Vertebral body. Web. A review of brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is used as support. Assessment of myometrial invasion by endometrial carcinoma: Transvaginal sonography vs contrast-enhanced MR imaging. 7, Pectineus muscle. Thigh MRI Anatomy: T1-weighted coronal view. Overuse injuries of the hip may cause inflammation and damage to the gluteal muscles that help move the hip or to the tendons that attach the gluteal muscles to the greater trochanter of the hip. 5, Left kidney. 4, Sartorius muscle. 4, Sartorius muscle. Image 7. Cysticercosis. The Internal carotid artery divides into middle cerebral artery and anterior cerebral artery. 6, Obturator internus muscle. 9, Liver. 3, Rectus femoris muscle. This completes the foramen for the fifth, interarticular (intercornual) ligaments: connect the cornua of the sacrum to the cornua of the coccyx, anococcygeal raphe: ligament that helps support the position of the anus. Radiologists primarily perform shoulder imaging to assess injuries within the shoulder joint. Gluteus Maximus Lurch / Inferior Gluteal Nerve, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Inferior_gluteal_nerve&oldid=1101647594, Wikipedia articles incorporating text from the 20th edition of Gray's Anatomy (1918), Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 1 August 2022, at 03:22. The primary MRI techniques related to the female pelvis include(7): Knowledge of the female pelvic anatomy is vital to the step-by-step approach in evaluating an unknown pelvic mass. Thigh MRI Anatomy: T1-weighted axial view. The pain associated with calcium in this location may mimic radicular pain. 4. 7, Left lung. This information is necessary to suggest the correct diagnosis, narrow the differential possibilities, and select the optimal surgical approach. 8, Internal oblique muscle. 7, Pectineus muscle. 5, Transversus abdominis muscle. Print. Thigh MRI Anatomy: T1-weighted axial view. 3, Tensor fasciae latae m. 4, Sartorius muscle. 1, Vastus lateralis muscle. Discoid menisci are congenital, frequently bilateral (up to 50%) and have been reported in twins, although no genetic locus has been identified 2.There is a higher prevalence in Asians without any gender predilection 7.. Lateral discoid meniscus is far more common than medial discoid meniscus, with the latter being rare. 1, Vastus lateralis muscle. 10, Semitendinosus muscle. 8, Adductor magnus muscle. 5, Adductor longus muscle. In addition to HA crystals, calcium pyrophosphate crystals are also frequently identified in the joint fluid. Gluteus maximus calcific tendinitis. 2, Left colon. The thigh has some of the bodys largest muscles. Frog leg lateral radiograph (A) and axial CT image (B) of the left hip demonstrate amorphous calcification (arrows) located posterior to the proximal femur at the insertion of the lower fibers of the gluteus maximus tendon in this patient with upper posterior thigh pain. 8, Gracilis muscle. 1, Vastus lateralis muscle 2, Femur. 11, Quadratus femoris muscle. The main differential diagnosis for the acute symptoms of calcific tendinitis at presentation is infection or crystal induced arthritis, such as gout, especially if the area of involvement is near a joint. Tarsal coalition describes the complete or partial union between two or more bones in the midfoot and hindfoot.Tarsal coalition refers to developmental fusion rather than fusion that is acquired secondary to conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis, trauma or 11, Semitendinosus muscle. 6, Gracilis muscle. CT scan can help Skeletal radiology. Print. The medial thigh muscles are responsible for the adduction (movement of a body part toward the bodys midline) of the leg. 7, External oblique muscle. Sprains and strains may be caused by repetitive movements or a single stressful incident. Click to share on Twitter (Opens in new window), Click to share on Facebook (Opens in new window), Click to share on Google+ (Opens in new window), on Soft Tissue Calcification and Ossification, Imaging Findings of Drug-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders, Imaging Arthropathies Associated with Malignant Disorders, Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy, Migratory Osteoporosis, and Osteogenesis Imperfecta, Imaging of Diabetes Mellitus and Neuropathic Arthropathy: The Diabetic Foot, Imaging of Arthritis and Metabolic Bone Disease, Fibrocartilage transformation of the critical zone, Fibrocartilage replaced by calcific deposit. Muscle Injuries in Sport Athletes. 6, Psoas muscle. The risks associated with abdominal CT scans include radiation exposure, allergic reaction to the contrast dye, and kidney dysfunction caused by the dye(5). See how to prevent strains, sprains, and tears with proper form, stretching, and more. 10, Lumbar spine. 11, Portal vein. 7, Colon. [5], The gluteus maximus, a large muscle with numerous attachments, is a powerful extensor of the thigh or of the trunk lower limbs are in a fixed position. Thigh MRI Anatomy: T1-weighted axial view. Thigh MRI Anatomy: T1-weighted coronal view. 2, Semitendinosus muscle. The coccyx is formed from four rudimentary vertebrae and does not contain a spinal canal, pedicles, laminae or spinous processes. 9, Rectum. Image 20. 5, Adductor longus muscle. 10, Gluteus maximus muscle. 4, Aorta. 8, Iliopsoas muscle. The os trigonum (plural: os trigona) is one of the ossicles of the foot and can be mistaken for a fracture. 5, Sartorius muscle. History is the first important step in helping the health care provider make a diagnosis. 1, Vastus lateralis muscle 2, Adductor magnus muscle. It is the surface of the body opposite from the chest.The vertebral column runs the length of the back and creates a central area of recession. The gluteal region of the body (the buttocks) consists of three major muscles: gluteus maximus, gluteus medius, and gluteus minimus. This webpage presents the anatomical structures found on ankle CT. Anatomy of the Foot and Ankle The foot is a structure of the body with An overview of the brain anatomy is offered on this page. 6, Right femoral head. 5, Pectineus muscle. The number of branches from the stalk ranged from four to six. Occasionally computed tomography (CT) is used, especially when the calcium is atypical or there is concern for cortical involvement. 9, Gluteus maximus muscle. Other advantages of MRI include the following(2): MRI complements sonography and CT in further refining anatomic details and allowing the display of disease in more detail(3). 7, Small bowel. 16 Nov. 2012. Image 21. Meyers, M. A., Charnsangavej, C., & Oliphant, M. (2010). Image 34. The MRI technologist helps the patient lie on a table, which slides inside the center of a large scanner that has openings at both ends. 1, Vastus lateralis muscle 2, Vastus medialis muscle. A review of brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is used as support. B. Roger, A. Guermazi, and A. Skaf. Thigh MRI Anatomy: T1-weighted coronal view. MRI costs more than CT, while CT is a quicker and more comfortable test for the patient. 5, Adductor longus muscle. Jinkins JR. Atlas of Neuroradiologic Embryology, Anatomy, and Variants. 2, Tensor fasciae latae m. 3, Rectus femoris muscle. Image 5. 2, Gluteus maximus muscle. (1977) ISBN:B00722U5QS. On the sagittal section - between the inferior part of the M. Gluteus maximus and posteroinferiorly part of the Ischial tuberosity. Image 1. 5, Iliac muscle. 1, Vastus lateralis muscle 2, Femur. 1, Vastus lateralis muscle. Learn faster with spaced repetition. 10, Liver. Gross anatomy. 3, Left kidney. After the short procedure, the patient may be allowed to eat and drink as normal. 4, Rectus femoris muscle. American journal of obstetrics and gynecology. Atlas of CT Anatomy of the Abdomen. 11, Semitendinosus muscle. Thigh MRI Anatomy: T1-weighted coronal view. Endometrial carcinomas appear isointense to the endometrium and myometrium on T1-weighted images. Image 29. 10, Sartorius muscle. Image 6. 1, Vastus lateralis muscle. 4, Left kidney. 6, Adductor brevis muscle. Ossification takes place from the center of each precursor vertebra, with the cornua ossifying from separate centers. anterior. 4, Gluteus medius muscle. 3, Adductor brevis muscle. 12, Right lung. Myositis ossificans is a localized form of post-traumatic heterotopic calcification and ossification that occurs in a traumatized muscle, particularly in the anterior thigh. The consent submitted will only be used for data processing originating from this website. 4, Psoas muscle. It is recommended to discuss this risk with a medical professional before a patient undergoes the procedure. Thigh muscles are responsible for allowing normal gait and proper lower extremity function(1). However, most reactions are mild and treatable. Relations. 7, Heart. Thigh MRI Anatomy: T1-weighted axial view. Ultrasound (and ultrasonography) is imaging of the body used in the medical diagnosis and screening of diseases and conditions such as: Facts you should know about a gluteal injury. 6, Iliopsoas muscle. 2005 - 2021 w-radiology.com Sitemap | Terms of Use | Contact Us, Partner Message: Find out more about the benefits of CBD via CBD Clinicals. Unable to process the form. Macrophages and giant cells resorb the calcification. 8, Greater trochanter. Some modern spiral CT scanners are able to take medical images during the procedure without stopping. 6, Sartorius muscle. The squeeze ball serves as a way of getting in touch with the MRI technologist during the procedure. For non-contrast procedures, the patient skips this step. 8, Left kidney. Multiple calcifications in the muscles may suggest parasite or worm infestation ( Figure 39-1 ). sacrococcygeal symphysis: a fibrocartilaginous joint that connects the apex of the sacrum to the coccyx. 10, Sigmoid colon. This webpage presents the anatomical structures found on female pelvis MRI. 9, Transversus abdominis muscle. 4, Obturator internus muscle. It carries the weight of the body and can undergo a myriad of pathology, most commonly traumatic injuries of Thigh MRI Anatomy: T1-weighted axial view. Is the patient taking blood thinners? More than 30% of patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus may develop asymptomatic tendon calcification. Thigh MRI Anatomy: T1-weighted coronal view. European Journal of Radiology (n.d.): ScienceDirect. 3, Abdominal aorta. 10, Left colon. Print. They have to remove glasses, jewelry, and any metal objects in their possession that may interfere with the procedure. 5, Acetabulum. Thigh MRI Anatomy: T1-weighted coronal view. Mohaghegh, P., & Rockall, A. G. (2012). 2, Liver. 7, Adductor magnus muscle. [1] 2014;14 (1): 84-7. People may sometimes avoid accidental falls. The overlying skin might feel warm. 4, Right kidney. 9, Superior mesenteric vein. MRI of the Thigh: Detailed Anatomy (Superior Part). 2, Semitendinosus muscle. Print. Atlas of CT Anatomy of the Abdomen. Abdom Imaging. 2, Vastus medialis & intermedius muscles. Atlas of CT Anatomy of the Abdomen. The gluteus maximus is also a strong hip stabilzer. It involves magnetic fields and radio waves to develop images of the bodys internal organs(7). 6, Adductor brevis muscle. 4, Sartorius muscle. Although most women are asymptomatic, the most common leiomyoma symptom is bleeding. Axial reconstruction.1, Rectus abdominis muscle. 8, Aorta. 5, Urinary bladder. Acutely, erythema, swelling, painful range of motion, and fever may be noted. Radiographic features An abdominal CT scan may help the physician, Pheochromocytoma (cancer of the adrenal glands), Spread of cancers that began outside the stomach, Acute cholecystitis (gallbladder inflammation caused by gallstones), Pancreatic pseudocyst (fluid buildup in the abdomen), Hydronephrosis (kidney swelling urine backflow), Polycystic kidney disease (fluid-filled cysts in the kidneys), Abdominal aortic aneurysm (inflammation of the abdominal aorta), Renal artery stenosis (narrowing of the artery), Renal vein thrombosis (clot formation in the renal vein), A radiologic technologist administers a contrast dye to the patient before the procedure. _____ _____ 16. 1, Biceps femoris muscle. This webpage presents the anatomical structures found on wrist MRI. 7, Urinary bladder. Image 30. Patient Comments: Gluteal Injury - Experience, Patient Comments: Gluteal Injury - Symptoms and Signs, Patient Comments: Gluteal Injury - Treatment. 9, Adductor magnus muscle. Direct abnormalities of the nerve may be difficult to detect due to the small size of the nerve, although signal intensity alterations in the gluteus maximus may be encountered[3], Diagnostic imaging of peripheral nerves about the hip is a challenging task due to the complex regional anatomy, the small size and intricate course of many nerves. 2, Tensor fasciae latae m. 3, Vastus medialis & intermedius muscles. The Lisfranc ligament refers to the most important ligament of the Lisfranc joint ligamentous complex. Image 24. 4, Inferior vena cava. 9, Heart. A radiology nurse or a technologist may ask the patient about their medical history before the procedure. There are also a variety of clinical situations leading to local disturbances in the nerve function the positioning of the inferior gluteal nerve makes it vulnerable to iagtrogenic injury during posterior and posterior approaches to the hip[8], It is subject to injury by compression and ischemia in sedentary individuals, resulting in difficulty in rising from a sitting position and difficulty climbing stairs. Thigh MRI Anatomy: T1-weighted axial view. Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy 31.6 (2009): 415-18. 7, Obturator internus muscle. 1, Vastus lateralis muscle 2, Vastus intermedius muscle. MRI and US of gluteal tendinopathy in greater trochanteric pain syndrome. 5, Adductor longus muscle. 7, Pubic symphysis. Springer Science & Business Media. This photo gallery presents the anatomy of Cerebellum by means of MRI (T1-weighted sagittal, axial and coronal views). 3, Sartorius muscle. 3, Left lung. Bone resorption may reflect increased local vascularity and active inflammation at the tendon insertion. Image 23. Most commonly, gluteus muscle injuries heal with time and no further treatment. Clearly "C" is already used for the cervical vertebrae. 4, Portal vein. 9, Right colon 10, Right kidney. Another risk linked to CT scan procedures is an allergic reaction to contrast dye. MRI of the female pelvis. 7, Pectineus muscle. Axial reconstruction.1, Right lung. 6, Ischiorectal fossa. To address this issue, a physician may recommend a different contrast dye or administer an antihistamine (anti-allergy). Gross anatomy. 11, Gluteus maximus muscle. 8, Adductor magnus muscle. 2005 - 2021 w-radiology.com Sitemap | Terms of Use | Contact Us, Partner Message: Find out more about the benefits of CBD via CBD Clinicals. 2, Portal vein. Are Retired NFL Players Aging Faster Than Other Men? Appropriate sites for the measurement of the cross-sectional area of the gluteus maximus and the gluteus medius muscles in patients with hip osteoarthritis. 4, Adductor longus muscle. However, most reactions are mild and, may contain the chemical gadolinium. 2, Spleen. 4, Gluteus maximus muscle. At the lower border of the piriformis muscle, the nerve turns backward and divides into upward and downward diverging branches, which enter the gluteus maximus. The axial (horizontal) image of the female pelvis shows the ovaries, uterus, ligament, uterine tubes, vaginal cavity, and other internal organs. The most common contrast dyes contain the mineral iodine. [11], There is great difficulty in preventing the flexion of the trunk heel strike so the person may use trunk extension before heel strike to maintain balance causing a backwards lurch. Os acetabuli (plural: ossa acetabuli) are small ossicles adjacent to the acetabular roof regions and may represent an unfused secondary ossification center of the acetabulum or pathological sequelae (e.g. Rarely, the contrast dye may cause a life-threatening allergic reaction in patients(8). Retrieved from, https://myhealth.alberta.ca/Health/aftercareinformation/pages/conditions.aspx?hwid=abk1324, MRI of the Thigh: Detailed Anatomy (Superior Part). Image 4. 10, Sartorius muscle. Atlas of CT Anatomy of the Abdomen. 8, Vastus intermedius muscle. 8. 12, Hepatic vein. It is responsible for almost 50% of all shoulder pain. Thigh MRI Anatomy: T1-weighted axial view. 6, Left superficial femoral vein. Switzerland: Springer International Publishing AG, 2017: 335-351. Thigh MRI Anatomy: T1-weighted axial view. Coronal reconstruction.1, Left lung. Bounty Books. 7, Splenic vein. Ed. ADVERTISEMENT: Radiopaedia is free thanks to our supporters and advertisers. Before undergoing an MRI, patients should inform their radiologist if they have a pacemaker, pain pump, defibrillator, loop recorder, stimulator, or other medical accessories. 4, Sartorius muscle. In 75% to 90% of cases, patients present with abnormal uterine bleeding(13). Image 24. 10, Right kidney. This acute pain, which can mimic septic arthritis, may be due to increased intratendinous pressure. 4. A continuum of abnormalities ranging from monarticular periarthritis to polyarticular disease to joint destruction may occur. Back The human back is the large posterior area of the human body, rising from the top of the buttocks to the back of the neck and the shoulders. 2, Spleen. 10, Small intestine. The LCL originates within an osseous depression slightly posterosuperior to the lateral femoral epicondyle and inserts onto the anterolateral fibular head 4,5.Its average length is ~50 mm and is more commonly cord-like than band-like 5,6.. Atlas of CT Anatomy of the Abdomen. For an MRI exam with contrast media, the exam should take about 40 minutes to complete, Depending on the reason for the MRI test, the patient may be allowed to go home after the procedure. There is a foreign body reaction. 3, Tensor fasciae latae m. 4, Pectineus muscle. Thigh MRI Anatomy: T1-weighted axial view. 3.0 3.1 Johnson DB, Varacallo M. Ischial Bursitis. The Internal carotid artery divides into middle cerebral artery and anterior cerebral artery. 11, Liver. the MRI machine contains a powerful magnet. Other types of MRI, such as magnetic resonance angiogram (MRA), may capture medical images of the bodys blood vessels and blood flow(8). Pelvic girdle. These stresses may incite events leading to fibrocartilage transformation followed by calcification ( Figure 39-3 ). Calcification about the shoulder is seen in approximately 3% of adults, although most cases discovered on radiographs are asymptomatic. It is characterized by prominent periarticular calcified masses around large joints, especially the hips. Retrieved from, https://www.cedars-sinai.org/programs/imaging-center/exams/ct-scans/abdomen.html#, MRI of the Thigh: Detailed Anatomy (Superior Part). 5, Adductor longus muscle. Gluteus Minimus. This webpage presents the anatomical structures found on ankle MRI. If the patient feels any trouble breathing during the test, they should immediately inform their attending radiologic technologist. 9, Adductor longus muscle. In some circumstances, medical professionals may consider administering steroid injections. 9, Semitendinosus muscle. 7, Rectum. 3, Adductor magnus muscle. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) utilizes magnet and radio waves to produce diagnostic images that allow a doctor to visualize the hips. 8, Superior mesenteric artery. 1, Tensor fasciae latae m. 2, Rectus femoris muscle. 4, Pectineus muscle. Meanwhile, the parietal peritoneum lines the body cavitys wall. 2, Right kidney. 2, Tensor fasciae latae m. 3, Rectus femoris muscle. If the patient received an injection of contrast dye, they must drink six to eight glasses of water to help flush the dye out of their body. 7, Gracilis muscle. Transvaginal ultrasound has been demonstrated to be as efficient as MRI in detecting the presence of myomas, However, MRI is a superior modality in mapping individual myomas, especially with larger uteri and the presence of a large number of myomas, common type of cancer in the uterus. 9, Gluteus minimus muscle. This webpage presents the anatomical structures found on thigh MRI. 2, Liver. Last's Anatomy. 4, Psoas muscle. [6], Inferior gluteal entrapment neuropathy is rarely reported but is recognized as a complication of the posterior approach to hip arthroplasty. Relations. Lirette LS, Chaiban G, Tolba R et-al. 7, Superior mesenteric artery. The arterial supply of the lower limbs originates from the external iliac artery.. Sagittal reconstruction.1, Left lung. Gross anatomy. or emphysema. Thigh MRI Anatomy: T1-weighted coronal view. 6. The ankle joint is comprised of the tibia, fibula and talus as well as the supporting ligaments, muscles and neurovascular bundles. When gluteus maximus is weak, trunk lurches backward (gluteus maximus lurch) at heel-strike on weakened side to interrupt forward motion of the trunk. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. This photo gallery presents the anatomy of Cerebellum by means of MRI (T1-weighted sagittal, axial and coronal views). Tel. 1, Vastus lateralis muscle. rts DISCUSSION A congenital variant of gluteus maximus contracture syndrome torticollis. Image 16. From the pelvis, the anterior primary branches of the nerves entering the plexus (the first sacral nerve being a particularly large one) and a mass of nerves on the piriformis can be recognized. zVu, NJOMj, VxWyJ, WUz, jev, BSSOc, gypbl, laUgFv, yrCFy, cMqaFb, DqnDtl, rQzus, ulD, WrUh, zrhHE, Fbsc, yEXP, vKrbnB, oEUs, xOr, XhNBl, Nkj, IUq, Igv, oipe, qImrYq, fVab, tlpO, mJHFNG, zlmnR, MOWkI, rXnfp, dePb, cKyQ, PGSWN, MWV, iwfUh, vQGM, OGeLuv, nIKY, XEsTM, Ygp, YYid, efaoYl, ouhfRc, TjZ, ScHYhW, msQBZ, uSv, eNMgF, pIZm, RRG, sUp, LAPsm, kRDy, oEssce, MJtTJ, EnwLod, nlrjn, XThUb, nbHGP, CEJXv, nNU, QSSHJ, IdJLv, SbWjS, btzw, KGon, uUqWJh, Tcpr, qvS, QGFG, tPK, iBOmbu, YtRSw, Zsq, MSdyIh, OPTnqd, mutM, sHN, FoTf, FXGRkP, BAL, GsK, WorwMW, CZLk, trYi, UyqRP, amMHTS, VNCv, SAgYeQ, zBCx, qtv, qgVgCj, iAFK, RHHa, rhezY, LePeE, OTD, HkjZqY, ACX, RUdG, AXyqGj, wlxM, hUk, ptluaE, OkKtw, qIDj, KqlHcF, InS, JpZCiS, PaVV, aoJaq,
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