For the word puzzle clue of john of gaunt 1st duke of lancaster was the father of this king henry, the Sporcle Puzzle Library found the following results. Each monarch It replaced an earlier 3,600-ton ship of the same name operated by the London Midland and Scottish Railway company between Heysham and Belfast . would be the same, Duchy of Cornwall. The address of the Lancaster County Library Bookmobile is: 313 The Duke of Lancaster title was first bestowed in 1351, on Henry Grosmont. [16] This separation of identities was confirmed in 1461 by Edward IV when he incorporated the inheritance and the palatinate responsibilities under the title of the Duchy of Lancaster, and stipulated that it be held separate from other inheritances by him and his heirs, but would however be inherited with the Crown, to which it was forfeited on the attainder of Henry VI. [21] Labour Party Leader Jeremy Corbyn posited whether the Queen should apologise, saying anyone with money offshore for tax avoidance should "not just apologise for it, [but] recognise what it does to our society". "Duchy of Lancaster Records". This is only a custom for sovereigns, rather than a legal title. Duchy of Lancaster The Duchy of Lancaster is an ancient inheritance that began 750 years ago in 1265, when Henry III gifted to his son Edmund Crouchbank lands which had been forfeited by the Earl of Leicester, Simon de Montfort. Later that same year, lands taken from Robert Ferrers, Earl of Derby were added to this holding. Grosmont was a nobleman, diplomat, administrator and soldier who took part in many of Edward III's military campaigns. Almost 50 years later in 2000, the revenue surplus had increased to 5.8M. In 1267 the estate was granted as the County, Honour and Castle of Lancaster. In addition, in Lancaster it is still common to hear the national anthem sung as "God save our gracious King, long live our noble Duke". The Duke of Lancaster is a title that is always held by the sovereign and the Duchy of Lancaster provides an income to the monarch. The surplus for the year ended 31 March 2015 was 16 million and the Duchy was valued at just over 472 million. He was the wealthiest and most powerful peer of the realm. In particular, George V was given legal advice that it was extremely unlikely that he was the Duke of Lancaster. Somerville, R. (1936). Bolingbroke usurped the Since 1399, the title Duke of Lancaster has been held by the reigning Sovereign. Despite Johns extreme unpopularity, he maintained his position after the accession of his ten-year-old nephew, Richard II, in 1377, and from 1381 to 1386 he mediated between the Kings party and the opposition group led by Johns younger brother, Thomas Woodstock, earl of Gloucester. "Since 1399, the title Duke of Lancaster has been held by the reigning Sovereign. He succeeded his father Henry, the third Earl of Lancaster, to the Lancastrian earldom in 1345. The Duke of Lancaster's Regiment (King's, Lancashire and Border) ( LANCS) is an infantry regiment of the line within the British Army, part of the King's Division. [3][4] However, the legal basis for the sovereign to use the title has been disputed as the right to the title may have had different heirs to the right to the duchys lands. The race is not given to the swift but to those that endure to the end. Lancaster is Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II - and yes, she is The It was customary at formal dinners in the historic county boundaries of Lancashire and in Lancastrian regiments of the armed forces for the Loyal Toast to be announced as "The King, Duke of Lancaster". Since the first duke of England was the Duke of Cornwall, the For at least the last two centuries the estate has been run by a deputy; its chancellor has rarely had any significant duties pertaining to its management but is available as a minister without portfolio. Later that same year Bolingbroke usurped the throne of England from Richard II, becoming Henry IV, at which point the Dukedom merged in the Crown. When Gaunt died on 4 February 1399 the dukedom passed to his son, Henry of Bolingbroke, 1st Duke of Hereford. Nevertheless, the title continues to be used to refer to the monarch in relation to Lancashire and the Duchy of Lancaster, the estate associated with the former dukedom. The holdings were accrued over time through marriage, inheritance, gift and confiscation, and in modern times by purchase and sale. His wife Constance died in 1394, and two years later he married his mistress, Katherine Swynford. Since the Local Government Act 1972, the monarch in Right of the Duchy appoints the High Sheriffs and Lords Lieutenant in Greater Manchester, Merseyside and Lancashire. NR21 9DQ Telephone: 01328 800880 email: office@dukeoflancaster.sendat.academy Revenue from the Duchy of Lancaster forms a vital component of the Sovereign's income, and is held separately from that of other Crown properties. Duchess. [2] He became Henry of Grosmont's son-in-law through his marriage to Blanche of Lancaster, Henry's second daughter and eventual heir. In 1386 John departed for Spain to pursue his claim to the kingship of Castile and Leon based upon his marriage to Constance of Castile in 1371. The chief officer is the Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster, a position sometimes held by a cabinet minister but always a ministerial post. Revenue from the Duchy of Lancaster forms a vital component of the Sovereign's income, and is held separately from that of other Crown properties. [16] In 1266, the estates of Robert de Ferrers, 6th Earl of Derby,[17] another protagonist in the Second Barons' War, were added. The Dukes creates a sense of place that challenges, enthrals and excites our audiences, through live performances and great cinema in the heart of Lancaster. Meanwhile, in England, war had nearly broken out between the followers of King Richard II and the followers of Gloucester. His Majesty King Charles III is the current Duke of Lancaster. [24], Both the Duchy of Lancaster and the Duchy of Cornwall have special legal rights not available to other estates held by peers or counties palatine, for example, bona vacantia operates to the advantage of the Duke rather than the Crown throughout the Duchy. toast, "To the Queen, Duke of Lancaster" that's "Duke" not "Ordinances for the Duchy of Lancaster". The Wars of the Roses were one long struggle between the princely Houses of York and Lancaster, both struggling for the crown of England. The answer is, many thousands. [16] Edward III raised Lancashire into a county palatine in 1351, and the holder, Henry of Grosmont, Edmund's grandson, was created Duke of Lancaster. The Duchy of Lancaster is the private estate of the British sovereign as Duke of Lancaster. and Lancaster The Duke of Lancaster Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II is the current Duke of Lancaster. Cinema. "During a reign which has lasted over 60 years, Her Majesty has taken a keen interest. There were three creations of the Dukedom of Lancaster. It was created three times in the Middle Ages, but finally merged in the Crown when Henry V succeeded to the throne in 1413. The reason for this dates back to a long-held tradition that started in 1399. DUKE OF LANCASTER (noun) The noun DUKE OF LANCASTER has 1 sense: 1. the fourth son of Edward III who was the effective ruler of England during the close of his father's reign and during the minority of Richard II; his son was Henry Bolingbroke (1340-1399) Familiarity information: DUKE OF LANCASTER used as a noun is very rare. [4], Revenue surplus or income from the Duchy of Lancaster has increased considerably over time. So the current Duke of Lancaster is her Majesty Queen Elizabeth 11 Angela Stockton Former Legal Secretary Author has 26K answers and 148.7M answer views Oct 24 Related Was the Duke of Windsor popular in England? Therefore, the current Duke of Lancaster is Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II. The Duchy of Lancaster is the private estate of the British sovereign as Duke of Lancaster. john of gaunt, duke of lancaster, also called (1342-62) earl of richmond, or (from 1390) duc (duke) d'aquitaine, (born march 1340, ghentdied february 3, 1399, london), english prince, fourth but third surviving son of the english king edward iii and philippa of hainaut; he exercised a moderating influence in the political and constitutional Fabulous, friendly people and always something interesting to watch. It was created three times during the Middle Ages but finally merged in the Crown when Henry V succeeded to the throne in 1413. For the ships, see, Last edited on 28 November 2022, at 11:04, Henry of Bolingbroke, 1st Duke of Hereford, Duchy of Lancaster website Duke of Lancaster, "Of the Countries Subject to the Laws of England," from, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Duke_of_Lancaster&oldid=1124329856. Despite the extinction of the dukedom the title has continued to be used to refer to the reigning monarch of the United Kingdom in relation to the County Palatine of Lancaster and the Duchy of Lancaster, an estate held separately from the Crown Estate for the benefit of the sovereign.[1]. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. The Duchy of Lancaster website reads: "Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II is the current Duke of Lancaster. Despite being a woman, the Queen is known as a Duke as opposed to a Duchess, and today, she will be . The Wars That Began in a Rose Garden [1][2] The principal purpose of the estate is to provide a source of independent income to the sovereign. Duke of Lancaster Highfield Road, Fakenham. Headquartered in Preston, it recruits throughout the North West of England. [23] Its land holdings are not to be confused with the Crown Estate, whose revenues have been handed to the Treasury since the 18th century in exchange for the receipt of a yearly payment. When he died in 1399 the Duchy The expedition was a military failure. Old Top Kick {{ relativeTimeResolver(1659725250897) }} Henry of Grosmont, Duke of Lancaster KG ( c. 1310 - 23 March 1361) was an English statesman, diplomat, soldier, and Christian writer. 25 results for "john of gaunt 1st duke of lancaster was the father of this king henry". A spokesman for the Duchy said that all of their investments are audited and legitimate and that the Queen voluntarily pays taxes on income she receives from Duchy investments.[22]. 402 N Duke St Unit 2 is a 1300 square foot property with 3 bedrooms and 2 bathrooms. [40], Private estate of the British sovereign as Duke of Lancaster, "In default of any person taking an absolute interest under the foregoing provisions, the residuary estate of the intestate shall belong to the Crown or to the Duchy of Lancaster or to the Duke of Cornwall for the time being, as the case may be, as bona vacantia, and in lieu of any right to escheat." Administration of Estates Act 1925 Section 46, Section 1016 of the Companies Act 2006 defines the Crown Representative in relation to property vested in the Duchy of Lancaster, as being the Solicitor to that Duchy, Clerk of the Council of the Duchy of Lancaster, "Duchy of Lancaster Management and Finance", "The Government, Prime Minister and Cabinet", "The Duchy nears completion of Winmarleigh sales", "Revealed: Queen's private estate invested millions of pounds offshore", "Paradise Papers: Queen should apologise, suggests Corbyn", "Accounts, Annual Reports and Investments", "Queen's private Duchy of Lancaster estate rises in value above 400m for first time, accounts show", "AFC Rushden & Diamonds Agree Heads Of Terms For New Home", "Three gamekeepers suspended over killing of goshawk on Queen's land", "The Queen has hit the jackpot again. The monarch derives the privy purse from the revenues of the Duchy. Henry re-created the dukedom on 10 November 1399 for his eldest son Henry of Monmouth, Prince of Wales. Revenue from the Duchy of Lancaster forms a vital component of the Sovereigns income, and is held separately from that of other Crown properties. "The Cowcher Books of the Duchy of Lancaster". Proceeds from bona vacantia in the Duchy are divided between two registered charities. Duke, not the Duchess. [5], This article is about the title. Cracking little cinema. were having an argument over who was King of ALL of Great Britain, While he was Prince of Wales, he was popular. I am always inspired, challenged and entertained and I'm grateful that Lancaster has such a great place where I can enjoy the arts. John of Lancaster was born on 22 June 1389, to Henry Bolingbroke (later King of England) and his wife, Mary de Bohun.His birthplace is unknown but some historians speculate that he was born in Kenilworth Castle, Warwickshire.He was a grandson of John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster, a son of King Edward III.His father, Henry Bolingbroke, was exiled in 1399 by his cousin, Richard II, when his . The Duchy Council's primary officers carrying out the estate's day-to-day duties are the Clerk of the Council (the Chief Executive Officer), the Chairman of the Council, and the Chief Finance Officer. Updates? The Duke of Lancaster, boldly fronting him, plucked a red rose; and so the Wars of the Roses got their name.. ", UK Parliamentary Archives, Duchy of Lancaster Plans, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Duchy_of_Lancaster&oldid=1124876405, CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown, Short description is different from Wikidata, Wikipedia articles needing clarification from January 2017, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, The Lancashire Survey is made up of five rural estates comprising a total of 3,900 hectares (15sqmi), Pickering estate mix of arable and livestock farming, Pontefract estate a single large farm and several commercial properties, Granville and Villiers House, residential complex. Alternate titles: John of Gaunt, duc dAquitaine, John of Gaunt, earl of Richmond, This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-of-Gaunt-duke-of-Lancaster, Spartacus Educational - Biography of John of Gaunt, English Monarchs - Biography of John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster, John of Gaunt - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up). Wiki User 2008-01-29 20:37:01 This answer is: Study guides Catholicism 20 cards. His first act as Henry IV was to declare that the Lancastrian inheritance be held separately from the other possessions of the Crown, and should descend to male heirs. Where is this scripture located in the Kings James bible? The first creation was on 6 March 1351 for Henry of Grosmont, 4th Earl of Lancaster, a great-grandson of Henry III; he was also 4th Earl of Leicester, 1st Earl of Derby, 1st Earl of Lincoln and Lord of Bowland. According to the Duchy's official website, its rural holdings . [7], The Duchy is administered on behalf of the sovereign by the chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster, a government minister appointed by the sovereign on the advice of the prime minister, and by the clerk of the Council. The Duchy of Lancaster. We look forward to working with you. As of the financial year ending 31 March 2022, the estate was valued at 652.8 million. The Duchy of Lancaster is held by the Soverign. [16] After his death a charter of 1362 conferred the dukedom on his son-in-law John of Gaunt, Earl of Lancaster, and the heirs male of his body lawfully begotten for ever.[16]. Omissions? But for a select group of Brits, the Queen goes by a very different title: Duke of Lancaster. "The Duchy of Lancaster Council and Court of Duchy Chamber". There were three creations of the Dukedom of Lancaster during the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries. London. The owner of Bolingbroke Castle in Lincolnshire, Grosmont was a member of the House of Plantagenet, which was ruling over England at that time. (The most recent creation of the ducal title merged with the Crown in 1413.) Lancaster By Angie Bell / August 15, 2022 August 15, 2022 Queen Victoria started using the title Duke of Lancaster as she believed the title Duchess was a title referring to the spouse of a duke as opposed to the holder of a royal Dukedom . Somerville, R. (1941). One day, in the Temple Gardens, in London, the heads of the rival Houses met. How many times has that been said at dinners and events in the North West since the current Duke - the Queen - assumed the title in 1952? [10][11][12][13], The Duchy exercises some powers and ceremonial duties of the Crown in the historic county of Lancashire,[14] which includes the current Lancashire ceremonial county, Greater Manchester and Merseyside as well as the Furness area of Cumbria. Duke of Lancaster. [18] The Duchy thereafter passed to the reigning monarch, and in 1760 its separate identity preserved it from being surrendered with the Crown Estates in exchange for the civil list. There IS a Duke of Lancaster it is the Queen. John of Gaunt, duke of Lancaster, also called (134262) earl of Richmond, or (from 1390) duc (duke) dAquitaine, (born March 1340, Ghentdied February 3, 1399, London), English prince, fourth but third surviving son of the English king Edward III and Philippa of Hainaut; he exercised a moderating influence in the political and constitutional struggles of the reign of his nephew Richard II. Contents 1 In service Community. When he died in 1361 the peerage became extinct. He countered their hostility by forming a curious alliance with the religious reformer John Wycliffe. The first creation was on 6 March 1351 for Henry of Grosmont, 4th Earl of Lancaster, a great-grandson of Henry III; he was also 4th Earl of Leicester, 1st Earl of Derby, 1st Earl of Lincoln and Lord of Bowland. In 2010, the revenue surplus stood at 13.2M and by 2017, the surplus had grown to 19.2M. were cousins and their common ancester was the Plantagenet King, Edward III gave Henry the dukedom 'in recognition of . What is the essence of making a thin smear. This page was last edited on 1 December 2022, at 00:10. There were three creations of the Dukedom of Lancaster during the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries. For at least the last two centuries the estate has been run by a deputy; its chancellor has rarely had any significant duties pertaining to its management but is available as a minister without portfolio . The Duchy of Lancaster website reads: "Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II is the current Duke of Lancaster. King Edward III, in the year 1362. He was the immediate ancestor of the three 15th-century Lancastrian monarchs, Henry IV, V, and VI. During a reign which has lasted over 60 years, Her Majesty has taken a keen interest in the estate, paying regular visits to the Surveys. Elizabeth II was also the Duke of Lancaster. 9 September 2022 08:30 David Thame Comments (3) The toast is "The Duke of Lancaster". When John died in 1399, Richard II confiscated the Lancastrian estates, thereby preventing them from passing to Johns son, Henry Bolingbroke. Theatre. the simplest answer is that the familys of the houses of York would be personally inherited by the monarch. the Duke of York likewise selected a White one. The Dukedom of Lancaster is an extinct English peerage. The McCaskey High School band, under the direction of Don Trostle, performs at Veterans Stadium in Philadelphia prior to a game between the Eagles and the Chicago Bears in this photo from Dec. 10 . John, Duke of Lancaster Philippa, Queen of Portugal Elizabeth, Duchess of Exeter Henry, Duke of Hereford Catherine, Queen of Castile John, Earl of Somerset House of Beaufort Henry, Bishop of Winchester Thomas, Duke of Exeter Joan, Countess of Westmorland Henry IV Henry V, King of England John, Duke of Bedford Thomas, Duke of Clarence Neil, Garstang. Raise a glass 'To the Queen, the Duke of Lancaster'. [2][6] The Duchy of Lancaster is not subject to tax,[7] although the Sovereign has voluntarily paid both income and capital gains tax since 1993. [19][20], In 2017, the Paradise Papers revealed that the Duchy held investments in two offshore financial centres, the Cayman Islands and Bermuda. Dukedom of Lancaster First holder Henry of Grosmont Last holder Henry V (merged with crown) Is there still a Who Was The Last Duke Of Lancaster? His Majesty takes a keen interest in the estate and His tenants. Support The Dukes by becoming a friend and enjoy discounts, exclusive tickets and more, all while supporting the arts! 402 N Duke St Unit 2 is located in Lancaster, the 17602 zipcode, and the Lancaster School District. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. S. White St., Lancaster, 29720 2506, From a 1923 edition of The Book of Knowledge, The Childrens Encyclopedia, Volume III: The term Gaunt, a corruption of the name of his birthplace, Ghent, was never employed after he was three years old; it became the popularly accepted form of his name through its use in Shakespeares play Richard II. In 1397 he obtained legitimization of the four children born to her before their marriage. throne from King Richard II the same year and became King Henry IV. In 2011, the Duchy established a rebalancing asset plan[clarification needed] and sold most of the Winmarleigh estates farms in Lancashire, and donated a plot of land to the Winmarleigh Village Hall committee by June 2012. Legend has it that while the Duke of York and the Lancaster King See more Buckingham Palace. "Duchy and County Palatine of Lancaster". Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. Duke of Lancaster is part of the SENDAT multi-academy trust Please feel free to contact the Trust with any enquiries or questions - we are here to help. TSS Duke of Lancaster is a former railway steamer passenger ship that operated in Europe from 1956 to 1979, and is beached near Mostyn Docks, on the River Dee, north-east Wales. Somerville, R. (1947). The title merged into the Crown when Henry of Monmouth became Henry V. In the Channel Islands she is also known Duke of Normandy and Lord of Mann in the Isle of Man. [3] The duchy consists of 18,433ha (45,550 acres) of land holdings (including rural estates and farmland), urban developments, historic buildings and some commercial properties across England and Wales, particularly in Cheshire, Staffordshire, Derbyshire, Lincolnshire, Yorkshire, Lancashire and the Savoy Estate in London. Less media attention has been given to the other royal duchy in England, t he Duchy of Lancaster. Crossword Clue. Guy, Lancaster. Buckingham Palace is the London . Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. John returned in 1389 and resumed his role as peacemaker. Earl of Lancaster The title of Earl of Lancaster was created in the Peerage of England in 1267. From 1367 to 1374 he served as a commander in the Hundred Years War (13371453) against France. The Duchy of Lancaster was the first duchy created in Wessex and was established by royal charter in The First Act of Succession. Both are British Overseas Territories of which Queen Elizabeth II was monarch, and nominally appointed governors. [5] The net income of the Duchy is paid to the reigning sovereign as Duke of Lancaster:[2] it amounts to about 24 million per year. But why does she need so much money? The title Duke of Lancaster continues to be used, even for a female monarch. [15], As the Lancaster inheritance, the estate dates to 1265, when Henry III granted his younger son, Edmund Crouchback, lands forfeited by Simon de Montfort, Earl of Leicester. In 1952, the surplus was 100,000 a year. 2 Angela Stockton Former Legal Secretary Author has 26.1K answers and 149.3M answer views Oct 24 Related There have been periods of history were no individual held the title of "the Duke of Lancaster". [9] Day-to-day management of the estate's properties and investments is delegated to officers of the Duchy Council,[2][7] while the Chancellor is answerable to Parliament for the effective running of the estate. His Majesty King Charles III is the current Duke of Lancaster. This family, the Beauforts, played an important part in 15th-century politics. Please see contact details below. Explore more crossword clues and answers by clicking on the results or quizzes. Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II is the . Duke of Lancaster is a title in the Peerage of Wessex, traditionally held by the eldest son of the reigning Welsh monarch. "The title Duke of Lancaster continues to be used, even for a female monarch. the "War of Roses". The chief officer is the Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster, a position sometimes held by a cabinet minister but always a ministerial post. Somerville, R. (1951). Since 1399 the Duke of Lancaster has been the reigning Sovereign. Through his first wife, Blanche (died 1368), John, in 1362, acquired the duchy of Lancaster and the vast Lancastrian estates in England and Wales. In 1413 Monmouth ascended the throne as King Henry V and the dukedom merged in the crown again, where it has remained ever since. "During a reign which has lasted over 60 years, Her Majesty has taken a keen interest in the estate, paying regular visits to the Surveys. Edward the III, and John of Gaunt the Duke of Lancaster. He died in 1361 and the peerage expired. Somerville, R. (1946). In 1399 the Duchy of Lancaster, held by John of Gaunt's son Henry of Bolingbroke, merged with the crown on his appropriation of the throne (after the dispossession from Richard II). [8] As such, the income received by the Privy Purse, of which income from the Duchy forms a significant part, is taxed once official expenditures have been deducted. | We are dedicated to a diverse and high-quality programme, telling stories that are relevant, fun, heartwarming and electrifying. When Henry V, who held the title before he acceded to the throne in 1413, became king . Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). [7] The chancellor is responsible for the appointment of the steward and the barmaster of the barmote courts on behalf of the sovereign in right of the Duchy. The second creation was on 13 November 1362, for John of Gaunt, 1st Earl of Richmond and third surviving son of King Edward III. Read More son of Edward III, 1337, I'm going to assume that the first Duchy The Dukedom of Lancaster is an English peerage merged into the crown. The Duke of York plucked a white rose, calling upon his followers to do the same. Britain handles foreign policy for both islands to a large extent, but Bermuda has been self-governing since 1620. The first creation was on 6 March 1351, for Henry of Grosmont, 4th Earl of Lancaster, a great-grandson of Henry III; he was also 4th Earl of Leicester, 1st Earl of Derby, 1st Earl of Lincoln and Lord of Bowland. Henry of Grosmont died in 1361 without male issue. As Monarch, The Queen holds several titles, including Supreme Governor of the Church of England. It is primarily a landed inheritance belonging to the reigning sovereign (now Charles III). [25][26] Bona vacantia arises, in origin, by virtue of the Royal Prerogative and in some respects remains the position although the right to bona vacantia of the two major categories is now based on statute: Administration of Estates Act 1925[27] and the Companies Act 2006. The Duchy of Lancaster was created for John of Gaunt, a son of [28], The holdings of the Duchy are divided into six units called surveys, five rural and one urban. His Majesty King Charles III is the current Duke of Lancaster The Duke of Lancaster Since 1399, the title Duke of Lancaster has been held by the reigning Sovereign. On his return he obtained the chief influence with his father, but he had serious opponents among a group of powerful prelates who aspired to hold state offices. [2][3] The estate consists of a portfolio of lands, properties and assets held in trust for the sovereign and is administered separately from the Crown Estate. [5] As the Duchy is an inalienable asset of the Crown held in trust for future sovereigns, the sovereign is not entitled to the portfolio's capital or capital profits. Henry then deposed Richard and in September 1399 ascended the throne as King Henry IV. the Lancaster King plucked a red rose from a nearby rosebush and The Dukes provides Lancaster with a cultural heart. passed to his son, Henry Bolingbroke. 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